Causes And Effects Of Child Abuse Social Work Essay Essays

Circumstances and end results Of Child Abuse Social Work Essay Essays Circumstances and end results Of Child Abuse Social Work Essay Circumstances and end results Of Child Abuse Social Work Essay One of the regular psychosocial employments is youngster abuse that has been experienced the vast majority of children around the world. Youngster abuse can take a few signifiers of abuse, it is grouped to 4 sorts mostly, physical, passionate, sexual and disregard. Kids s guardians and the wellbeing proficient have been distinguished to be the most abuser in such occurrences. There are a bunch of disguised realities that add to youngster abuse ; accentuation, medication and intoxicant utilization are outlines of the causes that lye down behind it. A few impacts of youth abuses are so profound and can be stretched out to pre-adulthood and adulthood. As health provider you ought to be conscious for the imprints and manifestations manhandled in light of the fact that early assignment and course can help to diminish the since quite a while ago run impacts of abuse. On different manus there are two kinds of bar of child abuse essential, and optional. Bringing up a child is non simple. Kid abuse is considers a main activity that is jeopardizing kids everywhere throughout the universe. The vast majority of us ca nt imagine the impacts of child maltreatment.Unfortunately the greater part of the casualty are mishandled by their folks or any family part who may be truly close to them. In a similar clasp kid abuse can go on in wherever at schools, nines, and road non simply at place. ( In 2007, about 5.8 million children were engaged with an expected 3.2 million child abuse studies and charges. In the United States ) Youngster Abuse is characterized as danger to a child delivered by another individual, regularly the wellbeing proficient ( Leiter, n.d para1 ) and incorporates physical, sexual, passionate abuse, and negligence. Kid abuse can be brought by any one at any clasp. Youngster abuse is seen in various casing, physical, sexual, enthusiastic, and ignore. This paper is intended to talk about the sorts, causes, impacts of child abuse and how to cover with it by pull offing and hindering it. Physical abuse can be delegated any exertion or injury to a child where the wellbeing proficient was second thoughts of the peril before the reality. Physical abuse alludes to non unintentional hurt to a child. Physical abuse is profoundly hazardous to the child and can do enduring physical and mental disablements May incorporate striking, ignition, upsetting, pressing or drawing hair or ear. The child may accompany seeable evaluation of abuse, for example, cuts or injuries, breaks and interior damages. On the different manus Sexual abuse alludes to any sexual conduct between a child and an adult or a more seasoned, greater, or all the more influential individual, for that singular s sexual delight. Sexual abuse while still entirely terrible is much of the time times blown completely out of graduated table and is the most publicized sort of abuse ( Leiter, n.d Para 2 ) . Sexual movement abuse ranges from undesirable busss to unseemly contacting to sexual communication. It is the most perilous signifier of abuse since it outcomes in downright terrible cicatrixs that are profound and sturdy, affecting non only manhandled kids yet the entire society. Sexual abuse is every now and again times kept concealed more than different sorts of abuse. Youngsters are constrained and undermined non to express any of the brushs as a result of the cultural mortification of being associated with sexual abuse. While, Emotional abuse alludes to an interminable disposition or conduct coordinated at a child, or the innovative movement of an enthusiastic domain, which is sincerely troublesome to or weakens the child s mental as well as physical turn of events. This sort of abusive conduct can pass on down a man s sentiment of inner self worth and self-pride. It let the casualties to encounter awkwardness and it can hold more tough negative mental impacts than physical abuse. For example, lack of affection, ignoring, dismissing, and disconnecting, inability to grasp, most extreme puni shment. Moreover, Neglect is as often as possible idea of as the most dangerous sort of abuse. Disregard alludes to any genuine skip or advisory group by a person which imperils or impedes the child s mental, objective, or physical improvement ( Leiter, n.d Para5 ) Neglect incorporates anything from go forthing kids totally for extensive stretches of clasp to non giving them the right consideration for outline, inability to gracefully rise to supplement, vesture, or cleanliness. Like some other abuse, kid abuse other than has a reason. There are numerous reasons for kid abuse. The most significant 1 among the causes is mental unwellness, each piece great as mental employments. The tendency is that individuals who are non in their correct heads, could simple make injury to kids, in the case of knowing or non. Plus, family unit occupations are significant reasons for kid abuse, for example, hapless family connections, separation and division, urgency and failure to get by with child rearing or hapless parental sexual relationship. Guardians under the intensity of medications could simple hurt their children, other than medication or intoxicant shows an of import work in stimulating and the uncontrolled practices towards the child. Furthermore, financial employments could raise guardians or different individuals from the family unit to abuse kids as a trade foundation of their feelings. Stress could other than be an underlying driver of child abuse, other than confused family and socially confined can be cause, in add-on to these causes hard child who have attributes of requesting or overactive may stir the arouse of the guardians which may take to physical abuse, on the different manus impeded child who much of the time progressively ward will be inclined to an abuse since they have physical or mental disablements or both of them.It is a great idea to cognize the reason for abuse on a specific child with the goal that the intercession will be anything but difficult to actualize. The impacts of child abuse can be immediate appeared in youth or development Childs who have encountered kid abuse are probably going to hold some passionate and mental employments whether they show them or non and in more regrettable occurrences, a child may hold self-destructive tendencies along these lines. The impacts of child abuse on a child relies upon how extraordinary the abuse is, the more prominent the abuse, the more noteworthy the result on the general region of the child. Misery, accentuation and injury are other than a portion of the impacts of child abuse in kids. Manhandled kids other than show conditions like difficulty in building up connections in individuals, low conscience picture, eating upsets, each piece great as physical disablements. Kid abuse could other than bring down the self-esteem of the child who experienced it. In add-on to that a few impacts of child abuse are self-evident: physical or mental issues broken or wounded natural structure, mental miracles, eating, sleep, pejorative and so forth, partition of family, kid become solitary wolf, captured improvement kid acts more youthful than age well and on plan, end discourse creation, more mishaps of latrine prepared, hapless guidance, inability to win, bias, low sense of self respect, hapless personality affirmation, hapless inner self picture, self injury, throbbing others, can affect offense, high school developments The executives of suspected child abuse Manhandled children may appear in the clinic or to clinical nursing staff in the network. They may other than be brought for a clinical notion by cultural administrations or the constabulary. In all examples, the processs of the nearby nation kid security commission ought to be the followed.the clinical crowd ought to be equivalent to for any clinical status, with a full history and full scrutiny.it is regularly most profitable when this is directed in a delicate and concerned way without being accusatory or reprobating.any damages or clinical assurance ought to be deliberately noted, estimated, recorded and drawn on a topographic graph they may require to be photographic with parental consent.the height, weight and caput border ought to be recorded and kept in a diagram. All notes ought to be dated, planned and marked. Treatment of explicit damages ought to be ingested and blood preliminaries and X-beam embraced. In the event that abuse is suspected or affirm, an assurance should be made with regards to whether prompt intercession is required and if the child needs quick insurance from farther injury. On the off chance that this is the case, this might be accomplished by induction to clinic, which other than permits test and multidisciplinary examination. On the off chance that thoughtfully took care of, most guardians are happy to acknowledge clinical guidance for medical clinic induction for perception and test. Once in a while this is non conceivable and lawful implementation is required. On the off chance that clinical mediation is non important yet it is felt to be shaky for the child to return place, course of action might be found in a proxy place. In add-on to a detailed clinical evaluation, rating by cultural specialists and different wellbeing expert will be required. A child assurance gathering will be assembled in congruity with neighborhood processs.in the UK, the meeting will be led by senior individual from cultural administrations area or of th e National society for the bar of barbaric treatment to kids ( NSPCC ) .Member of meeting may incorporate cultural laborer, wellbeing visitants, constabulary, general practician, educators and attorneies.increasingly, guardians go to all or bit of the reason conference.Details of the episodes taking to the meeting and the family unit foundation will be discussed.good imparting and a swearing working connection between the expert are basic as it tends to be profoundly difficult to quantify the likeliness that harms were infli

Osmosis in Onion Cell Essay Example

Assimilation in Onion Cell Paper A living plant cell will psychologists or swells relying upon the solute grouping of the cell corresponding to the solute convergence of the liquid encompassing the cell (1). It follows that water will move from an area of high water fixation to a district of low water focus, in this manner, if a cell is set in a hypertonic arrangement water will move from the cell into the scauseson until the cell shrinks(l). Further water misfortune auses can make the phones cellular material strip away from the phone divider leaving a hole between the phone divider and the phone film, a procedure called plasmolysis(l) However in the event that the phone is set in a hypotonic arrangement, water will move from the arrangement into the phone and cause the phone to blast (1). A cell in an isotonic arrangement neither swells nor shrivels on the grounds that there is no focus angle for water over the cell film (1) The target of this trial is to discover the impact refined water, 3% sodium chloride arrangement and 5% sodium chloride arrangement have on nion epidermal cells. We will compose a custom article test on Osmosis in Onion Cell explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Osmosis in Onion Cell explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Osmosis in Onion Cell explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer From the above writing, its estimated that the cells in refined water ought to keep up their shape, cells in 3% sodium chloride should contract and the cells in 5% sodium chloride should encounter more contracting than that of the 3% arrangement. The onion epidermal cell is straightforward with a basic structure so it is an appropriate cell for examining the impact of water misfortune on cells (2) Some examples can be seen legitimately underneath the magnifying instrument yet putting a drop of water on the example can improve how the structures show up under icroscope and furthermore keep the example from drying out on the slide (2). Adding water to the example is called wet mount. The fluid utilized in wet mount occupies the space between the slides to help the example and furthermore permits light to go through effectively (3). The fluid is normally water can likewise be a stain. Stains are utilized in microscopy to feature structures in natural structures for review under magnifying lens (3). There are numerous kinds of stains each is utilized for its own advantages, iodine, eosin are a portion of the regular stains utilized in the microscopy (3). Iodine is utilized as a cell stain since its consumed by cell organelles which are generally straightforward and turn them shaded creation them increasingly obvious under the magnifying lens (3). It was discovered that the cells which were set in 3% arrangement expanded in size in opposition to the speculation. The cells put in 5% arrangement shrank and cells in set in ordinary saline kept their typical shape. MATERIALS Glass slide Cover slip Onion tissue Dropper Light miscrope Sodium chloride (NaCl) Distilled water Tweezers Measuring tube Bunsen tube Pipette Blotting paper Stage micrometer METHOD Set down three unique slides naming the three distinctive arrangement you expect to utilize. Strip a slim layer of tissues (epidermis) utilizing the forceps (tweezers) from the entire onion. Put the epidermis on the focal point of every one of the slide showed and named. Drop a couple of drops of every one of the marked arrangements onto the onion layer, ensuring the tissues is leveled and not wrinkled on the slide. Hang tight for 3 minutes before putting a spread slip on the slide. Put the spread slip on the recolored tissue and the various arrangements include. Tenderly tap out any air pockets and ry to drench out any additional arrangement around the secured tissues. Change the stomach with the goal that the perfect measure of light is sparkling on the slide stage. Put the slide onto the magnifying lens stage and fix with the stage cuts Observe the tissues under the magnifying lens under low, medium and high powers. Likewise making draws, recording perception. Ensuring an eye piece graticule and stage micrometer scale to gauge cells and units. Make certain to compose what amplification for each sketch. Ensure you name any organelles you see. Cell divider, film, core and ytoplasm Calculate amplification of drawings and genuine sizes of examples DATA The eye piece graticule stays consistent regardless of what amplification the epidermis are taken a gander at. RESULTS DISCUSSIONS CONLUSION References 1 . Sperelakis, Nicholas (2011). Cell Physiology Source Book: Essentials of Membrane Biophysics. Scholarly press. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-12-387738-3. 2. Horobtn RW, Kiernan JA (2002) Conns Biological Stains. A Handbook of Dyes Stains and Fluorochromes for (1981) Staining Procedures, fourth ed. , Baltimore: Williams Wilkins, p. 412, ISBN 0683017071 .

Suppression and Insight Comparative Analysis of Mrs Dalloway and The Hours - Literature Essay Samples

Through examining the intertextual connections between two texts, the effects of context, purpose and audience on the shaping of meaning is made evident. Virginia Woolf’s modernist novel ‘Mrs Dalloway’ (Penguin, 1925) and Stephen Daldry’s postmodern film adaptation of Michael Cunningham’s novel ‘The Hours’ (Miramax, 2002) are examples of this, as ‘The Hours’ offers new insights about repression through the lives of its three heroines as well as affirming those offered in ‘Mrs Dalloway’. This is manifested through the exploration of the struggle and failure to conform to societal expectations and its psychological impacts and the sense of unfulfillment due to oppressive societal roles and norms. The exploration of how the inability to embody societal roles can have repressive repercussions on one’s mental health and interior self is evident in Woolf’s ‘Mrs Dalloway’. Although modernism was in response to scientific developments, Woolf represents the ignorance of psychology when it manifests in the authoritarian form of mechanically minded Dr Holmes’ and Bradshaw’s resistance to Freudian developments as they mistreat shell-shock suffering Septimus due to their denial of male weakness. Through the use of Septimus’ indirect interior monologue a modernist device that highlights the inner self we see that he imperatively assures himself that ‘he would not go mad’ in a society concerned with external facades which Woolf criticised in her 1924 essay ‘Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Brown’ a foreshadowing and ironic allusion to Shakespeare’s ‘King Lear’. Through the beneficial use of intertextualit y, we can now understand that the inability of others to accept his mental illness is cause for Septimus’ psychological descent into madness. Thus, Dr Holmes is personified ‘human nature’ Septimus would rather commit suicide than suffocate in a repressive society with no concern for the interior self, a choice that has significant ramifications for the characters of Daldry’s ‘The Hours’. Additionally, Daldry’s ‘The Hours’ examines how restrictive societal roles can cause the inner-turmoil of individuals, leaving them to question their self-worth, evident through Laura Brown, enhancing understanding on the multifacted concept of repression through the study of intertextual connections. The struggle of maintaining the archetypal constricting 1950’s housewife facade overwhelms Laura and she goes to commit suicide in ‘a room of her own’. As Laura begins to read ‘Mrs Dalloway’, Glass’ musical score sounds, the valuable intertextuality allowing us to understand Laura’s inner conflict with her external self, paralleling to Septimus. Virginia’s postmodern foreshadowing voiceover, â€Å"Did it matter that she must inevitably cease completely?† echoes Woolf’s modernist stream of consciousness style, and the camera cuts between them highlight the composer and responder’s postmodern, m etafictional relationship. The aerial shot of the surrealist, postmodern nature of the water overwhelming Laura as the music crescendos echoes the water motif across texts as Virginia drowns herself and as Septimus ‘plunges’ out the window to his death due to the detrimental ramifications of a repressive society. However, Laura Brown ‘chose life’ as she found a way to escape her family which metaphorically imprisoned her. Thus, intertextual connections powerfully vivify the analogous relationship between ‘Mrs Dalloway’ and ‘The Hours’, while providing new insight about repression in Woolf’s classic. In addition, Woolf’s ‘Mrs Dalloway’ examines how sexually repressive societal norms may restrict individuals from substantial relationships, offering insight on how one can seek meaningful connections through sexual fluidity, as women were expected to be sexually ignorant in Edwardian England. This is evident when Clarissa, who feels unfulfilled as ‘Mrs Richard Dalloway’, often reverts to the past as a sanctuary of youth. Through Woolf’s modernist stream of consciousness style, Clarissa’s excitement of her sexually liberating kiss with avant-garde Sally at Bourton is conveyed it was hyperbolically â€Å"the most exquisite moment of her whole life†. Sexuality is integral to Woolf’s innovations in plot, apparent in her 1929 essay ‘A Room of One’s Own’, as she suggested lesbian plots as a truthful depiction of character in a sexually repressive society. Through the yonic flower motif in â€Å"a match burn ing in a crocus†, Clarissa’s affair with Sally is symbolic of sapphist liberation and a paradox to the sexual repression of women. These positive connotations contrast to Clarissa feeling ‘like a nun’ with Richard, the social norm of heterosexual marriage and emphasis on fertility sexually restricting her. In this respect, Clarissa Dalloway’s liberating internal self has significant impacts on the three heroines of Daldry’s ‘The Hours’. Furthermore, through the study of intertextual connections, Daldry’s ‘The Hours’ explores how the pressure for individuals to conform to societal gender roles can deprive them of personal fulfilment, enhancing comprehension of the ramifications of repression. The opening montage, with Glass’ emotionally charged musical score and camera cuts between the three heroines, as well as the triptych colour palettes initially connects the women in a postmodern, metafictional, composer, responder and creator relationship. Boundaries between time frames are blurred, mirroring the stream of conscious style of Woolf’s novel. Laura’s inability to embody the stereotypical housewife in Post-WWII Los Angeles, where Cunningham was raised, is symbolised through her failure to bake the hyperbolic ‘ridiculously easy’ cake, which eventually causes her to ostracise herself from her repressive ‘ideal’ family, paralleling to Septimus’ hesitation to commit to family life and contrasting Mrs Dalloway, who is obliged to conform to social expectations and be the ‘perfect hostess’. The triptych highlights the lack of maternal qualities of the three women, expressing how they could escape the inhibiting societal emphasis placed on the ideal feminine figure, unlike Clarissa Dalloway and Sally Seton. New concerns surrounding repression such as the implications of constrictive societal roles and norms on the mental health and the satisfaction of individuals is evidenced through intertextual links between Virginia Woolf’s modernist novel ‘Mrs Dalloway’ and Stephen Daldry’s postmodern film ‘The Hours’. The intertextual links help clarify the values, form and context of each, enabling audiences to better appreciate Woolf’s message whilst broadening their understanding of ‘Mrs Dalloway’, after almost a century.

The History and Importance of Decolonizing Native American Ethnography - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1528 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Ethnographic Essay Did you like this example? Ranco, Darren J. Toward a Native Anthropology: Hermeneutics, Hunting Stories, and Theorizing from Within. Wica Saw Review 21, no. 2 (Autumn, 2006): 61-78. University Minnesota Press. Darren Ranco is currently an Associate Professor of Anthropology and Coordinator of Native American Research at the University of Maine. In his essay; Toward a Native Anthropology: Hermeneutics, Hunting Stories, and Theorizing from Within, Ranco discusses the topic of Native American representation by non-native Anthropologists. He brings up the idea of anthropologists searching for the Other and this search as a colonial desire. The tendency for the anthropologists to think of the Other as having to be something that is extremely Other is also brought up. Ranco discusses his own challenges as a Native American anthropologist and the backlash he received from his professors in graduate school when he wanted to focus on his own people as he described it. Ranco argues for anthropology which will fight for the rights of Native communities and give back some of the control to Natives over what is said to be their history and their culture. Ranco also argues his point through the words of Bea Medicine when explaining the necessity of the role of Native American anthropologists. Medicine believed that Native American anthropologists could educate other anthropologists on how to be respectful of the communities where they do research and show the importance of relationships among the anthropologist and the subjects. I plan to use this essay to show the argument for more Native Anthropologists to study in their own communities as well as the need for all anthropologists to not only see Native communities they are studying as objects of ethnographic research, but partners in their writings and projects. By viewing Native Americans as partners in ethnographic research instead of simply the objects of the research, an attempt can be made to give some control back to Native Americans as to how their cultures and histories are presented as well as working towards more collaborative efforts among the two. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The History and Importance of Decolonizing Native American Ethnography" essay for you Create order Simpson, Audra. Mohawk Interruptus: Political Life Across the Borders of Settler States. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2014. Audra Simpsons book, Mohawk Interruptus: Political Life Across the Borders of Settler States, focuses on ethnographic work conducted on the reserve community of the Mohawks of Kahnaw?  :ke. Located in the southwestern region of Quebec, the Kahnaw?  :ke Mohawks struggle for their own political sovereignty from the settle state. A major point of conflict is the Kahnaw?  :ke Mohawks fight for the validity of their own government. Being part of the Haudenosaunee, commonly known as the Iroquois Confederacy, the Kahnaw?  :ke Mohawks deny Canadian or American citizenship to help prove the validity and power of their own Haudenosaunee governance. Another step many have taken is traveling with Haudenosaunee issued passports rather than American or Canadian. Simpson describes how the Iroquois National Lacrosse Team (INLT) did not participate in the World Lacrosse League Championship tournament to be held in Manchester, England due to the refusal of the United Kingdom to recognize their Haudenosaunee issued passports. By doing this, Simpson brings up the idea of refusal to play the game. This meaning that the lacrosse players refused to play the game of being either American or Canadian and rather stayed by their Iroquois claim of belonging. Simpson also discusses the complicated issues of what defines Native American citizen. The question of blood quantum and intermarriage are brought up in relation to who should be added to the Iroquois membership rolls. I plan to use Simpsons work to showcase both the work of Native American anthropologists to decolonize Native anthropology by reclaiming their own history and culture. Starn, Ori. Ishis Brain: In Search of Americas Last Wild Indian. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2005. In Starns book, Ishis Brain: In Search of Americas Last Wild Indian, the story of Ishi is unfolded. After wandering out of the San Francisco hills in 1911, Ishi was considered the last of his tribe, the Yahi which Alfred Kroeber would later name them. Throughout the book, Starn not only discusses the problematic treatment of Ishi, but he also describes his own search for the controversial missing brain of Ishi. Starn not only combats the issues of representation but also that of a non-Native anthropologist working with very deeply rooted cultural issues for the Indigenous people of California. Throughout the novel, Starn points out the multiple occasions in which Alfred Kroebers wife, Theodora Kroeber, misrepresented Ishi as well as the circumstances in which he lived in her novel Ishi in Two Worlds: A Biography of the Last Wild Indian in North America. I plan to use this source in order to point out some of the issues of representation and the rights of Indigenous peoples in the pas t. Not only through the eyes of the government, but by anthropologists themselves. An example I plan to use is the frequency of Theodora Kroeber to misrepresent the circumstances in which Ishi lived his life in San Francisco. Many of the alterations she made to his story were sometimes leaving out what some people would have considered injustices which her husband committed against Ishi as well as her tendency to romanticize him as a shaman or healer of some sorts. Another topic of interest in which I plan to use from this source is the thoughts of how Alfred Kroeber treated Ishi as a specimen in most cases, although claiming to consider Ishi to be a good friend. Who has the right to represent Indigenous populations and how they are represented are questions that I will be using Starns novel to address in my paper. I will also use Starns respect as an outsider in regard to cultural practices where he knows that, despite his desire to attend, he is respectful of the invitation, or th e lack of, from the Indigenous people involved. Tuck, Eve, and K. Wayne Yang. Decolonization Is Not A Metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education, Society 1, no.1 (2012): 1â€Å"40. In Decolonization Is Not A Metaphor, Eve Tuck and K. Wayne Yang discuss the increasing occurrence of decolonization to be turned into a metaphor, discrediting the meaning and power behind the word. In an attempt to remind readers what is unsettling about decolonization, Eve and Tuck explain the different forms of colonialism and how it is present within North America. One of the main characteristics of colonization in North America which made it different from others was that in settler colonialism, the colonizer is coming to stay. This desire to stay then leads to the inevitable desire to eliminate the Indigenous for the acquisition of their land. Another large portion of the essay is dedicated to five actions which the authors name as settler moves to innocence. These five moves are settler nativism, fantasizing adoption, colonial equivocation, conscientization, at risk-ing/ asterisk-ing Indigenous peoples, and re-occupation and urban homesteading. According to Eve and Tuck, to tru ly decolonize, there must be a break of the settler colonialism structure. This would then call for the reparation of lands to the Indigenous is decolonization is to even begin. I plan to use this article to discuss the true meaning of decolonization. If decolonization has lost much of its potency due to its use as a metaphor, is it even possible for many to understand the true meaning. Is the sympathy many settlers feel for the Indigenous who they have affected truly enough to bring them to the conclusion that to make up for these wrongs, they must return dispossessed land to those who originally lived on them? I will use the information I have found in this article to lay out the meaning of decolonization and if the settlers will ever make an attempt to decolonize. Wolfe, Patrick. Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native. Journal of Genocide Research 8, no. 4 (December 2006): 387-409. In this piece, Patrick Wolfe discusses the inherently eliminatory nature of settler colonialism and how it is still seen today. One point that Wolfe makes is that Black people and Native Americans have both been racialized in the United States, but in opposite ways. For Black people enslaved by those in the US, their reproduction only brought more wealth to their owner. No matter how little blood they had of African descent, they were still considered Black and a slave. Native Americans on the other hand created an issue when their numbers rose, limiting access to lands. This led to the restriction of who was classified as Native American and who was not. Wolfe talk about how settler colonialism does not have the primary reason for colonization be race, but that of taking land. Settlers have come to stay. The Doctrine of Discovery is also explored in this piece. In European understanding, the first to discover the land then had the right to buy land from the natives who lived there. Even though it seems as if this gave the Indigenous population a choice on the matter, it did not always work that way. Wolfe quotes Harvey Rosenthal as saying, The American right to buy always supersede the Indian right to sell. I will use Wolfes piece to demonstrate the past and present practice of eliminating the Native American in a post-colonial state.

The United Nations and Human Rights Has the United...

I. Introduction The supporting and advocating on behalf of human rights has been one of the primary principles of the United Nations. Since its founding in 1945, the United Nations has worked to preserve the basic human rights and fundamental freedoms it believes to be deserved of by every man, woman, and child on the planet. Throughout the near seventy years of the United Nations’ existence, it has been challenged with an array of questions, events, and claims regarding the possible violation of human rights. In order to combat these claims, the body has established two organizations to deal with matters of human rights. The first being the Commission Human Rights, was the original organization, founded in 1946. The Commission existed†¦show more content†¦This, in turn, helps to advance the freedoms of all persons, generating improvements in the overall quality of life that each person may receive as a result from having these international rights and freedoms. In order for a complete analysis, the structure of the United Nations itself will be analyzed. In addition to this, the protocol for the intervention of the United Nations on behalf of human rights will be investigated, as will a series of issues regarding human rights violations in China and Burma (now Myanmar), and whether or not the United Nations, if involved, was able to support and advocate for human rights. II. A Summary and Description of the United Nations Purpose, Functions, and Structure of the United Nations Before we are able to determine the success or failure of the United Nations in its determination to advocate and support human rights on an international scale, it is imperative that we come to an understanding of the purpose, functions, and structure of the United Nations. Founded in 1945, the function and principles of the United Nations are determined in the United Nations Charter which was ratified on 24 October of the same year. One of the primary principles of the United Nations, as outlined in Article 1 of the United Nations Charter is: â€Å"†¦To achieve internationalShow MoreRelatedFighting Terrorism without Infringing on Human Rights Essay826 Words   |  4 Pageswithout infringing upon human rights. Prominent advocate for this assumption is obviously Mary Robinson, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, who urged states to â€Å"adhere to their international obligations to uphold human rights and fundamental freedoms when conducting counterterrorism†. This has become a key component of UN-endorsed Global Counterterrorism strategy. Another key leader, supporter of this assumption former US President Jimmy Carter in his remarks on Human Rights Defenders conferenceRead MoreNato s Justification Of The Security Council2815 Words   |  12 PagesMilosevic regime to accept NATO’s demands regarding the future political status of Kosovo (Wippman 2001: 129). 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Anthony1724 Words   |  7 Pagesbaying the moon as petitioners without the right to vote!† These were the famous words of a key leader in the women’s Suffrage Movement, Susan B. Anthony. In the past, the rights guaranteed to men were not applied to women, and therefore caused great injustice. It wasn’t until the mid-1800s that women started to take a stand and fight for their voting rights. As a result, these actions caused a positive impact in our country and now, women have equal rights as men, as it should. There are some thatRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War2000 Words   |  8 Pages(including Alawites), and 10% are Christians. The diversity that exists in Syria allows al-Assad to promote the ideology of the Arab nationalist Baath party. Antigovernment movements broke out in early 2011 with the Arab Spring. The Syrian government has used brute force, even illegal chemical weapons, to suppress protests. Armed resistance to the regime arose in the summer as soldiers defected from Assad and established the Free Syrian Army consequently. The main belligerents consist of the SyrianRead MoreUniversal Political System During The Cold War1927 Words   |  8 PagesFor over four decades the citizens of the United States focused their attention to the seemingly interminable tension that existed between American and the Soviet Union. Fear of the USSR and the communist regime tormented Americans, who poured their energy into promoting and safeguarding the democratic values they had always been accustomed to. As the Cold War steadily subsided, the United States and the Soviet Union came together to repair the damage they had inflicted on one another since the endRead MoreChildren Of The Dragon : China s One Child Policy1298 Words   |  6 Pagesadequate healthcare. Although the poorest are hardest hit, even powerful countries like the United States and Great Brittan have be en affected. Recent shortages of medication and fuel are contributing to speculation and concern. Governments the world over are turning to alternative energy and sustainable living, as a means of supporting the increased populace. The People’s Republic of China, however, has taken a drastically different approach with the implementation and enforcement of the One-ChildRead MoreGuantanamo Bay And Human Rights Essay2246 Words   |  9 PagesGuantanamo Bay and Human Rights Guantanamo Bay, which is a detention camp located in Cuba, is always a controversy human-right related topic. People always refer Guantanamo as one of the worst prison in the world. Many people believe that the Guantanamo violates human rights; the prisoners in Guantanamo are treated inhumanely comparing to the other prisons located in the United States. Some argue that U.S. should close Guantanamo while the other say it should remain open. The goal of this paper

Stretching The Sociological Imagination -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Stretching The Sociological Imagination? Answer: Introducation The essay is a personal review on the riveting documentary Obit: Life on Deadline, by Vanessa Gould is stark and beautiful portrayal of the life of obituary writers.Gould provides us through her art with a livid picture about the different layers of journalism. The structure will include a brief discussion on some of the essential aspects of the documentary like the picture of journalism that it slowly creates in front of our eyes. Impression Of Journalism From The Film The documentary is 1 hour 33 minutes long, providing the audience with a glimpse of the typical crudities of a job that requires writing obituaries on public figures. Writers professionally strive to give birth to artistically shaped, inventive obituaries that would capture the attention of readers. The astounding phenomenon of earning a living by gripping and tackling death on a daily basis is bound to captivate the audience giving them a quick introduction to the first paced world of journalism. The film leaves the audience to grapple with the inventive idea of running after deadlines and consulting journals to scribble some of the finest obits. The film is an absolute treat as it progresses and delivers the unthinkable by mocking the tacit Victorian idea circumscribing the fashion of writing obituaries. Gould is brave enough to challenge the old and tattered notion of writing obituaries as something gloomy and bland in tone, a strict blend of respect and regard for the person deceased. This is where the film plays with the audiences preconceived notion regarding writing obituaries and to consider a kaleidoscopic view, the world of journalism. What I Liked About The Film What I liked most about the film is the cinematography which centralizes audiences attention on the media desk and the charming David Carr, to steal the frame. The art of making motion picture plays a role in ensuring that the final product is not just a mere amalgamation of ideas and information. On the very surface, Obit: Life on Deadlines appears nothing more than a tedious documentary on death which involves the accumulation of facts and data, arranging them in a synchronized manner is a matter ofemotional roller-coaster ride for the writers themselves. However, the director has invested the film with an artists perspective, which is nevertheless, not disparate from the real life. The intrigue lies as the camera zooms into the panic stricken faces of the writers struggling to come up with engrossing leads to make the obituary attractive to its readers. This is exactly where the narrative jolts the audiences as they witness the whole affair with a rather sadistic pleasure of seein g the writers crumbling under the burden of writing obits. Do I agree with the film? I agree with what the film shows and the documentary never had a dull moment as it gives a colorful view in a collage form, often in an inoffensive and humorous way of depicting the lives of the writers. Bruce and Margalit Fox have scribbled around thousand obituaries for The New York Times, with subjects spanning from celebrities to politicians brings a whiff of fresh air in the documentary. Interestingly, the document is not centered round fun and frolic that might be intertwined with the job profile of an obit writer. Gould has infused it with taint of melancholy and despair as well, the mind-boggling stress that every writer of the department. What Vanessa Gould does is it provides with a different perspective on print journalism. It is massively reminiscent of Thackerays Pendennis, the great engine that printing press is. Also it is a stark reality how the readers are decidedly uninterested to even spare a passing glance to the obituaries until and unless they are related to somebody of grand and imposing stature. Somehow, I felt the all pervasive question of mortality hanging high over the living characters, thriving on resources stained by the dead. Personally, I have never considered obituary to be a part of print journalism till I Goulds documentary that clenched onto my attention for the entire span. According to me, far from being loud or disrespectful towards the art of writing obituary or the deceased, the documentary has gifted me with a subtle humor and wit which refused to fade away long after the documentary had finished. Obituary writing is a character in itself, the driving force behind the narrative of the film, taking the audiences into the very depth of it. Every little aspect involved with the profession of obituary writing including how much space a deceased personality should occupy in the paper is an instance of a true artists observational skills. The talent of magnifying the trivialities of everyday nothings into art and projecting them in front the audience is nothing less than a blessing. I struggled to imbibe the idea within myself that the total space on the paper is proportionate to space the world is w illing to allocate for a deceased person. I am thankful to the documentary for not expanding the heap of frustration and gloom that one associates with the profession of obit writing in a newspaper. Instead it turned out to be a very personal creation of Gould, a child beautiful and invested with lively spirit. References Bordwell, D., Thompson, K., Smith, J. (2016).Film art: An introduction. McGraw-Hill Education. Chambers, D. (2017). Journalism. InThe History of British Womens Writing, 19451975(pp. 71-88). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Fowler, B. (2015). The Media and Collective Memory: The Obituaries of Academics. InStretching the Sociological Imagination(pp. 120-140). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Heynderickx, P. C., Dieltjens, S. M. (2016). An analysis of obituaries in staff magazines.Death studies,40(1), 11-21. Landy, M. (2015). A Cinema of Poetry: Aesthetics of the Italian Art Film. Martin, C., Campbell, R., Harmsen, S. (2014).Media essentials: A brief introduction. Bedford/St. Martin's.

Research Article Critique Presentation Power Point free essay sample

The research study that you selected in Week Two Develop a 10- to 15-minute presentation in which you address the following points: Strengths and weaknesses of the study Theoretical and methodological limitations Evidence of researcher bias Ethical and legal considerations related to the protection of human subjects Relationship between theory, practice, and research Nurse’s role in implementing and disseminating research How the study provides evidence for evidence-based practice Identify the following for the research study: Quantitative Research Article Critique (pp. 422-446 of the text): Phase 1: Comprehension Phase 2: Comparison Phase 3: Analysis Phase 4: Evaluation Qualitative Research Article Critique (pp443-446 of the text): Use the critical appraisal guidelines Format the presentation as one of the following: Poster presentation in class Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® presentation including detailed speaker’s notes Video of yourself giving the presentation uploaded to an Internet video sharing site such as www. youtube. com Submit the link to your facilitator

Tiger I Tank in World War II

Tiger I Tank in World War II The Tiger I was a German heavy tank that saw extensive service during World War II. Mounting the 88 mm KwK 36 L/56 gun and thick armor, the Tiger proved formidable in combat and forced the Allies to alter their armor tactics and develop new weapons to counter it. Though effective on the battlefield, the Tiger was badly over-engineered making it difficult to maintain and expensive to produce. Additionally, its heavy weight increased fuel consumption, limiting range, and made it hard to transport to the front. One of the iconic tanks of the conflict, over 1,300 Tiger Is were built. Design Development Design work on the Tiger I initially began in 1937 at Henschel Sohn in response to a call from the Waffenamt (WaA, German Army Weapons Agency) for breakthrough vehicle (Durchbruchwagen). Moving forward, the first Durchbruchwagen prototypes were dropped a year later in favor of pursuing the more advanced medium VK3001(H) and heavy VK3601(H) designs. Pioneering the overlapping and interleaved main road wheel concept for tanks, Henschel received permission from WaA on September 9, 1938, to continue development. Work progressed as World War II began with the design morphing into the VK4501 project. Despite their stunning victory in France in 1940, the German Army quickly learned that its tanks were weaker and more vulnerable than the French S35 Souma or the British Matilda series. Moving to address this issue, an arms meeting was convened on May 26, 1941, where Henschel and Porsche were asked to submit designs for a 45 tonne heavy tank. Tiger I tank under construction at Henschel plant. Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1972-064-61 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 To meet this request, Henschel brought forward two versions of its VK4501 design featuring an 88 mm gun and a 75 mm gun respectively. With the invasion of the Soviet Union the following month, the German Army was stunned to encounter armor that was vastly superior to their tanks. Fighting the T-34 and KV-1, German armor found that their weapons were unable to penetrate the Soviet tanks in most circumstances. The only weapon that proved effective was the 88 mm KwK 36 L/56 gun. In response, WaA immediately ordered that prototypes be equipped with the 88 mm and ready by April 20, 1942. In trials at Rastenburg, the Henschel design proved superior and was selected for production under the initial designation Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. H. While Porsche had lost the competition, he provided the nickname Tiger. Essentially moved into production as a prototype, the vehicle was altered throughout its run. Tiger I DimensionsLength: 20 ft. 8 in.Width: 11 ft. 8 in.Height: 9 ft. 10 in.Weight: 62.72 tonsArmor ArmamentPrimary Gun: 1 x 8.8 cm KwK 36 L/56Secondary Armament: 2 x 7.92 mm Maschinengewehr 34Armor: 0.98–4.7 in.EngineEngine: 690 hp Maybach HL230 P45Speed: 24 mphRange: 68-120 milesSuspension: Torsion SpringCrew: 5 Features Unlike the German Panther tank, the Tiger I did not draw inspiration from the T-34. Rather than incorporate the Soviet tanks sloping armor, the Tiger sought to compensate by mounting thicker and heavier armor. Featuring firepower and protection at the expense of mobility, the Tigers look and layout were derived from the earlier Panzer IV. For protection, the Tigers armor ranged from 60 mm on the side hull plates to 120 mm at the front of the turret. Building on the experience garnered on the Eastern Front, the Tiger I mounted the formidable 88 mm Kwk 36 L/56 gun. This gun was aimed using Zeiss Turmzielfernrohr TZF 9b/9c sights and was renowned for its accuracy at long range. For power, the Tiger I featured a 641 hp, 21-litre, 12-cylinder Maybach HL 210 P45 engine. Inadequate for the tanks massive 56.9 tonne weight, it was replaced after the 250th production model with a 690 hp HL 230 P45 engine. Featuring torsion bar suspension, the tank used a system of interleaved, overlapping road wheels running on a wide 725 mm (28.5 in) wide track. Due to the extreme weight of the Tiger, a new twin radius type steering system was developed for the vehicle. Another addition to the vehicle was the inclusion of a semi-automatic transmission. Within the crew compartment was space for five. This included the driver and radio operator which were situated in the front, as well as loader in the hull and the commander and gunner in the turret. Due to the Tiger Is weight, it was not capable of using most bridges. As a result, the first 495 produced featured a fording system that allowed the tank to pass through water 4 meters deep. A time consuming process to use, it was dropped in later models which were only capable of fording 2 meters of water. Tiger I crew making track repairs in the field. Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-310-0899-15 / Vack / CC-BY-SA 3.0 Production Production on the Tiger began in August 1942 in order to rush the new tank to the front. Extremely time-consuming to build, only 25 rolled off the production line in the first month. Production peaked at 104 per month in April 1944. Badly over-engineered, the Tiger I also proved expensive to build costing more than twice as much as a Panzer IV. As a result, only 1,347 Tiger Is were built as opposed to over 40,000 American M4 Shermans. With the arrival of the Tiger II design in January 1944, Tiger I production began to wind down with the last units rolling out that August. Operational History Entering combat on September 23, 1942, near Leningrad, the Tiger I proved formidable but highly unreliable. Typically deployed in separate heavy tank battalions, Tigers suffered high breakdown rates due to engine problems, the overly complicated wheel system, and other mechanical issues. In combat, Tigers had the ability to dominate the battlefield as T-34s equipped with 76.2 mm guns and Shermans mounting 75 mm guns were unable to penetrate its frontal armor and only had success from the side at close range. Due to the superiority of the 88 mm gun, Tigers often had the ability to strike before the enemy could reply. Though designed as a breakthrough weapon, by the time they saw combat in large numbers Tigers largely were used to anchor defensive strong points. Effective in this role, some units were able to achieve kill ratios exceeding 10:1 against Allied vehicles. Despite this performance, the Tigers slow production and high cost relative to its Allied counterparts made such a rate insufficient to overcome the enemy. Through the course of the war, the Tiger I claimed 9,850 kills in exchange for losses of 1,715 (this number includes tanks recovered and returned to service). The Tiger I saw service until the end of the war despite the arrival of the Tiger II in 1944. Fighting the Tiger Threat Anticipating the arrival of heavier German tanks, the British began development of a new 17-pounder anti-tank gun in 1940. Arriving in 1942, QF 17 guns were rushed to North Africa to help deal with the Tiger threat. Adapting the gun for use in an M4 Sherman, the British created the Sherman Firefly. Though intended as a stopgap measure until newer tanks could arrive, the Firefly proved highly effective against the Tiger and over 2,000 were produced. American forces with a captured Tiger I tank in North Africa, 1943. US Army Arriving in North Africa, the Americans were unprepared for the German tank but made no effort to counter it as they did not anticipate seeing it in significant numbers. As the war progressed, Shermans mounting 76 mm guns had some success against Tiger Is at short range and effective flanking tactics were developed. In addition, the M36 tank destroyer, and later the M26 Pershing, with their 90 mm guns also were capable of achieving victory. On the Eastern Front, the Soviets adopted a variety of solutions for dealing with the Tiger I. The first was to restart production of the 57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun which possessed the penetrative power pierce the Tigers armor. Attempts were made to adapt this gun to the T-34 but without meaningful success. In May 1943, the Soviets fielded the SU-152 self-propelled gun which used in an anti-tank role proved highly effective. This was followed by the ISU-152 the next year. In early 1944, they began production of the T-34-85 which possessed an 85 mm gun capable of dealing with the Tigers armor. These up-gunned T-34s were supported in the wars final year by SU-100s mounting 100 mm guns and IS-2 tanks with 122 mm guns.

Capabilities and Effects of Background Music Essay Example for Free

Capabilities and Effects of Background Music Essay Nonverbal communication speaks louder than verbal communication; therefore, nonverbal communication, such as background music, needs to be sensibly evaluated. As a form of nonverbal communication, background music is capable of influencing a target audience. In advertising, emotions can be shifted depending on the music being played in the background and the same feelings are then transferred to the product, providing a tremendous advantage in business (Dillman Carpentier, 2010). Music can change one’s mood; in the workplace, an improved mood allows employees to be more content and, overall, more productive. In addition, with the right musical selection, the music is able to increase the amount of information an individual is able to retain (Balch & Lewis, 1996). Various aspects from several studies have been examined, demonstrating the power of background music and music in general. The Capabilities and Effects of Background Music Nonverbal communication may be unintentional and speakers may not be aware of their behaviors or it may be just the opposite (Troester & Mester, 2007). However, background music is often carefully selected in order to aid in the desired goal, particularly in advertising (Dillman Carpentier, 2010; Kellaris, Cox, & Cox, 1993). The goals of every businessperson may not be the same; yet, the capabilities and effects of music are rather consistent (Dillman Carpentier, 2010). Whether via television, radio, or in person, music is able to affect the moods of those in the audience (Knobloch, 2003). Music also has the ability to improve the performance of the task at hand of an individual (Fassbender, Richards, Bilgin, Thompson, & Heiden, 2012). According to Balch and Lewis (1996), an increase in memory is also induced by music. In any aspect of business, the effects of music can be utilized and even increase efficiency and productivity. One’s mood determines the way one thinks and acts and what is said (Knobloch, 2003; Hunter, Schellenberg, & Schimmack, 2010). According to Hunter et al., â€Å"music is the language of emotions† (p. 47). The perception of music determines the emotion felt. The perception of happiness is more often transferred to feeling happy than the perception of sadness and feeling sad (Hunter, Schellenberg, & Schimmack, 2010). Davies (2011) refers to the emotions of music as being contagious. When one is around people who are depressed, that person’s mood adjusts closer to those who are in the depressed state. Similarly, although a person may not actually be sad, a sad part in a movie can make that person feel sad; the same applies to music. Hearing music that sounds happy can make one feel happy and to the contrary. Davies models this as a cause and effect relationship. The music being heard is the cause and the effect is one’s reaction to the music. Whether the reaction is happy or sad is dependent upon the perception of the music to the listener. Sounds that reflect happiness include little amplitude variation, a vast pitch variety, and fast tempo (Hatfield, Cacioppo, & Rapson, 1993). Therefore, when one hears these sounds of happy music, emotional contagion is invoked on the subject and causes that person to feel happy. In advertisements, music is selected as an enhancement but also to affect mood. It is a company’s goal to influence potential buyers by creating a positive attitude and feeling towards that company’s product. With a positive image in mind of a particular product, there is a greater likelihood that the consumer will purchase the product (Dillman Carpentier, 2010). An average of more than 9.5 hours of media is taken in by the average American on a daily basis; of those hours, 38% is dedicated to music – all of which affects mood in some way (Knobloch, 2003). In addition, according to Dillman Carpentier, 90% of commercials include music of some sort (2010). The preceding statistics show the value of music to consumers and therefore, reflect the importance music-induced moods have in marketing. Not only is music able to affect one’s mood but it is also capable of increasing the performance of an individual (North & Hargreaves, 1999). According to Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky, the IQ scores of the participants of their study were highest when the participants were under the influence of music (1993). In the other two trials, the participants went through a relaxation process and sat in silence for 10 minutes; the scores were 2.95 and 3.56 points respectively lower (Rauscher, Shaw, & Ky, 1993). Some teachers have started using music to increase the focus and efficiency of students. Relaxing music is played to keep the students’ minds from wandering and, instead, concentrated on the lesson. The relaxing music causes one’s brainwave frequencies to alter, entering the alpha state. The alpha state has been found to be the state where the best connection to one’s subconscious is made (Fassbender, Richards, Bilgin, Thompson, & Heiden, 2012). Koenen’s and Restak’s (as cited in Fassbender et al., 2012) findings have both supported that music inhibits thought. Restak’s claim is based on a study conducted with surgeons as the participants. Due to differing parts of the brain being used for music and for physical tasks, the music doesn’t inhibit the task but keeps the other part of the brain occupied and, therefore, from becoming distracted (Fassbender et al., 2012). In another study, surgeons were asked to count backwards by various numbers under three different conditions and were monitored throughout their tasks. The different conditions were no music, music of personal preference, and experimenter-selected music. Each surgeon was individually tested and each surgeon’s blood pressure, pulse, timing, and accuracy were recorded. The results showed a significant difference among the three conditions and the areas being monitored. The surgeons’ blood pressures and pulses were at much higher levels when performing the tasks without music. The results of the tasks with the presence of music showed lower blood pressures and pulses but an increase in the speeds and accuracies of the surgeons. Of the two music conditions, the overall results of the surgeons were better when listening to music of their choice rather than the experimenter-selected music. The participants of the study are of a profession that undergoes much stress in the operating room; by listening to music of their choice, the effects of stress decrease and the quality of performances increase (Allen & Blascovich, 1994). The studies of Dr. Adrian C. North provide several benefits of music for employers and employees. As previously mentioned, music can affect one’s mood. In the workplace, putting the employees in a better mood will increase their productivity by improving how well they interact with their fellow employees. It has been proven that one’s mood and helpfulness are directly related (North & Hargreaves, 1999). Music has also been found to raise the employee morale, leading to a decrease in the number of absences (Furnham & Bradley, 1997; North & Hargreaves, 1999). The output per employee can also be increased in a work field involving repetitiveness. According to Johnson (2004), participants of his study (whose work was repetitive) matched the tempo of the music being played while working. Therefore, with the addition of music – causing a better mood, cooperation, and increased pace – the overall productivity and efficiency of the workforce can increase and, in turn, boost the company revenue. Music is a friend of labour for it lightens the task by refreshing the nerves and spirit of the worker – William Green ( quoted in Furnham & Bradley, 1997) Although music and its relationship to human memory are still being researched, scientists do know that music affects several parts of the brain (Weir & Nevins, 2010). Cognitive neuroscientist, Petr Janata, says, â€Å" It [music] calls back memories of a particular person or place, and you might all of a sudden see that person’s face in your mind’s eye† (Weir & Nevins, 2010, p. 12). According to John Sweller, one must relate what is being learned to something that is already known (2003). Studies have proven the word-for-word is much higher when heard with music than when heard without music (Wallace, 1994). Wallace also suggests the musical accompaniment is used as a retrieval device or as an aid in the way the words are stored. The belief is that the music accents the words being spoken by acting as a cue when determining the number of syllables in a word and words in a verse (Wallace, 1994). It has also been shown that some memories are solely dependent on music being the trigger to recall them (Balch & Lewis, 1996). In marketing and advertising, music plays a significant role on one’s memory. Most can probably identify the brand image, along with the melody, by simply reading, â€Å"five, five-dollar foot long† (Weir & Nevins, 2010) due to the capability of music that allows one to recall melody and image from the text read (and the contrary) (Wallace, 1994). Pertaining to memory, music can also serve as an aid in health services (Simmons-Stern, Budson, & Ally, 2010). According to a study by Simmons-Stern et al., patients with Alzheimer’s disease were able to recall more of the information they were given when it was sung rather than spoken. It is thought to be possible that these findings may aid in discovering a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease patients (Simmons-Stern et al., 2010). There is no doubt music plays a role in everyone’s life in some way. The effects of music are nearly unavoidable due to the fact that music is incorporated into such a variety of activities and places and can cause differentiating feelings and results. Sad music can spread sadness (through emotional contagion) and infect the listener with that sadness, causing the listener’s mood to worsen. On the contrary, music is also able to make one feel happy (Davies, 2011). In the workplace, music is able to improve the mood of employees, motivate employees, and quicken the pace of the work being done (Furnham & Bradley, 1997). By playing upbeat music where the work to be done is monotonous, the workers are less irritated and fall in rhythm with the beat of the music. A workforce that has a higher rate of productivity can ultimately benefit the company by increasing the profits (North & Hargreaves, 1999). Music also accentuates words and increases the memorabilia of those words; this can be quite beneficial in advertisements (Weir & Nevins, 2010). Another benefit music offers, with regards to memory, is as a possible treatment for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Simmons-Stern, Budson, & Ally, 2010). Regardless of being a form of nonverbal communication or where it may appear, music strongly affects human beings with its ample array of capabilities. References Allen, K. P., & Blascovich, J. P. (1994). Effects of Music on Cardiovascular Reactivity Among Surgeons. Journal of The American Medical Association, 272(11), 882-884. Balch, W. R., & Lewis, B. S. (1996). Music-Dependent Memory: The Roles of Tempo Change and Mood Mediation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22(6), 1354-1363. Davies, S. (2011). Infectious Music: Music-Listener Emotional Contagion. In A. Coplan, & P. Goldie, Empathy: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press. Dillman Carpentier, F. R. (2010). Innovating Radio News: Effects of Background Music Complexity on Processing and Enjoyment. Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 17(1), 63-81. Douglas Olsen, G. (1995). Creating the Contrast: The Influence of Silence and Background Music on Recall and Attribute Importance. Journal of Advertising, 59(4), 29-44. Fassbender, E., Richards, D., Bilgin, A., Thompson, W. F., & Heiden, W. (2012). The Effects of Music on Mem ory for Facts Learned in a Virtual Environment. Computers and Education, 58(1), 490-500. Furnham, A., & Bradley, A. (1997). Music While You Work: The Differential Distraction of Background Music on the Cognitive Test Performance of Introverts and Extraverts. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 11, 445-455. Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1993). Emotional Contagion. Current Directions in Psychological Sciences, 2(3), 96-99. Hunter, P. G., Schellenberg, E. G., & Schimmack, U. (2010). Feelings and Perceptions of Happiness and Sadness Induced by Music: Similarities, Differences, and Mixed Emotions. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 4(1), 47-56. Johnson, V. W. (2004). Effect of Musical Style on Spontaneous Exercise Performance. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 24, 357. Kellaris, J. J., Cox, A. D., & Cox, D. (1993, October). The Effect of Background Music on Ad Processing: A Contingency Explanation. Journal of Marketing, 57, 114-125. Knobloch, S. (200 3, June). Mood Adjustment via Mass Communication. Journal of Communication, 53(2), 233-250. North, A. C., & Hargreaves, D. J. (1999). Music and Driving Game Performance. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 40, 285-292. North, A. C., & Hargreaves, D. J. (1999). Musical Tempo, Productivity, and Morale. Unpublished Manuscript. Rauscher, F. H., Shaw, G. L., & Ky, K. N. (1993). Music and Spatial Task Performance. Nature, 365, 611. Simmons-Stern, N. R., Budson, A. E., & Ally, B. A. (2010). Music as a Memory Enhancer in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuropsychologia, 48, 3164-3167. Sweller, J. (2003). Evolution of Human Cognitive Architecture. San Diego: Academic Press. Troester, R., & Mester, C. (2007). Chapter 7: Nonverbal Civility. In Civility in Business & Professional Communication (pp. 87-105). Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. Wallace, W. T. (1994). Memory for Music: Effect of Melody on Recall of Text. Jornal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(6), 1471-1485. Weir, K., & Nevins, D. (2010). Music and Your Mind. Current Health Kids, 34(1), p. 10. Capabilities and Effects of Background Music. (2016, Dec 08).

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words - 1

Literature review - Essay Example Health Organization (WHO), 2007, p.1, defines falls as â€Å"inadvertently coming to rest on the ground, floor or other lower level, excluding intentional change in position to rest in furniture, walls or other objects†. As age increases so does the incidence of falls. Consequently it is the older people that face the brunt of the problem of falls, which is demonstrated by the incidence of falls being between 28 to 35% in people between 65 and 70 years and between 32 to 42% in people over the age of 70 years (The World Health Organization, 2007). Falls among the older population and the consequent injuries suffered are a major public health problem. The reason for this is that besides the enhanced frequency of falls in the elderly, such falls result in mild to severe injuries to the tune of 20 to 30%. This leads to more than 50% injury related hospitalization among the elderly and 10-15% emergency of all emergency department visits (The World Health Organization, 2007). In comparison to hospital stays for other injuries among the elderly, hospital stays due to injuries from falls are much longer. In the United Kingdom hospital admission rates owing to falls to individuals over the age of sixty is between 1.6 to 3.0 per 10,000 of the population and the emergency department visits as a result of falls in the elderly is between 5.5 to 8.9 per 10,000 of the population (The World Health Organization, 2007). In addition, to high hospitalization rates, falls in the elderly carry the higher risk of mortality, with falls being responsible for about 40% of all deaths from injuries to the elderly (The World Health Organization, 2007). Post-hospitalization complications can also arise in the form of post-fall syndrome that include the elements of dependence, loss of autonomy, immobilization and depression. This reduces the ability to perform daily activities, making them dependent on caregivers from the family. In the United Kingdom, the average earnings per annum lost on

Dyscalculia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dyscalculia - Essay Example Some researchers declared that it is a biological trouble related to brain, some believe that emotional problems are contributing to this disorder; some psychologists declared it, a result of overall low intelligence of children and some say mathematical anxiety is causing this problem. Hence there are a lot of views regarding dyscalculia. A lot of researches have been made to identify the reason causing dyscalculia, yet it is not clear what actually is making it difficult for the children to understand mathematics. Whatsoever is causing dyscalculia; the methods to resolve this problem must be defined and implemented in schools for such children. A person needs to identify whether the problem exists or not before solving it. The first step in helping such children is to examine if the child is having dyscalculia or is it just because of lack of attention and interest. Three methods are defined to diagnose dyscalculia. However one out of those three techniques is considered effective. Two of them evaluate the tendency of a child of solving mathematical problems. These techniques diagnose dyscalculia by considering the errors made by the child and the time taken by the child to solve basic mathematical sums. While solving mathematical problems, a child may be influenced by the environment and other changes. The techniques to diagnose dyscalculia must not be a normal mathematics test as a child may be weak mentally i.e. he may have low aptitude level. The child may be distracted due to some other activity and errors may occur due to some misunderstanding and less power to learn and fathom questions easily. Therefore, the most effective technique is considered to be 'The dyscalculia Screener', which is developed by Butterworth, 2003. This screener is designed to diagnose dyscalculia among the children between the ages of 6 to 14. There are certain mathematical skills that human beings adopt automatically from the nature. For example, a person may easily identify that a set of data contains a numeric value, 6 is less than 7 and counting (2 comes after 1). Dyscalculia is basically designed to carry out if the child is lacking inherent numerical knowledge. This software program is designed with three different groups. The first group is named as dot enumeration, second is called as number comparison and third is arithmetic achievement. The screener shows the weaknesses of a child in the natural human mathematics skills. If a child is performing at a low level in dot enumeration and number comparison and has medium performance in arithmetic then he has dyscalculia. In contrast, if he's perf orming at a high level in dot enumeration and number comparison but performing badly in arithmetic test, he's just bad at arithmetic know-how. Despite of the importance of this screener, it is not considered to be the most successful idea. The price offered to schools is higher than the budget of schools which rely on funds. On the other hand, some schools do not take note of its usefulness and hence despite of having enough finance they do not purchase this helpful and efficient tool. People having dyscalculia are also affected socially because we need

The Many Personalities of Lolita and Humbert in Nabokov’s Lolita Essay

The Many Personalities of Lolita and Humbert in Nabokov’s Lolita Although they are intimately involved, the title character of Nabokov's Lolita never fully reveals her true self to Humbert. Likewise, Humbert pours his physical love into Lolita, but he never reveals to his stepdaughter a self that is separate from his obsession with her. These two characters mask large parts of their personalities from each other and the rest of the world, creating different images and personas in regard to different people and situations. One assumption of post-structuralism holds that â€Å"persons are culturally and discursively structured, created in interaction as situated, symbolic beings.† In accordance with this idea that people are created by their culture and in their interactions, both Lolita and Humbert have different personalities in different situations and circumstances. However, they ultimately show a more continuous and profound self-existence than just as faces created in their various interactions. Post-structuralism is a theory containing a wide array of ideas concerning meaning, reality, and identity. Post-structuralism believes that the mind receives â€Å"impressions from without which it sifts and organizes into a knowledge of the world† which is expressed in language, or symbols (Selden, Widdowson 128). The â€Å"subject,† or person, â€Å"grasps the object and puts it into words†(128). Knowledge is formed from various types of communication which â€Å"pre-exist the subject’s experiences,† the subject existing as a being that is â€Å"not an autonomous or unified identity, but is always ‘in process’†(129). There are many assumptions of post-structuralism, but only one will be focused on here, in terms of Lolita and Humbert. This assumpti... ...s of Lolita and Humbert to show the isolation and loneliness they feel, and to show just how different and immoral the situation is. By stressing the dissonance between one persona to the next, he portrays a view of his characters that is sad and shocking, for the public seen is also the reader; the unaware, innocent, â€Å"moral† group. By letting us into the different faces of Lolita and Humbert, Nabokov reveals the tragedy in the novel, and allows the reader to vividly feel what is morally right and wrong with Humbert, Lolita, and ourselves. Works Cited Lye, John. Some Post-Structural Assumptions. 1997. 5-2001. http://www.brocku.ca/english/courses/4F70/poststruct.html. Nabokov, Vladimir. Lolita. New York: Random, 1997. Selden, Raman, and Peter Widdowson. A Reader’s Guide To Contemporary Literary Theory. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1993.

The Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship: The American Dream

I have always been fascinated by the concept of the â€Å"American Dream†. Even if, nowadays, this concept is more and more criticize because some people believe that the structure of American society doesn’t follow anymore the idealistic goal of the â€Å"American Dream†, providing example such as inequality in class or race which suggest that the â€Å"American Dream† is not attainable for all. But to me the term â€Å"American Dream† stays unchanged: all people can succeed through hard work, and all people have the potential to live happy and successful lives. And in my mind, the entrepreneurship is one of the most famous way to achieve this â€Å"American Dream†. Steven BUYERS who is the founder and owner of EnergyLogic –a fast-growing company in Northern Colorado, appears to me as a very good example of this â€Å"American Dream† which is about hope and the potential for change. In fact, I feel this at the same time through the very innovative and sustainable development oriented concept of his company, and the take of initiative he seems able to show without having a precise idea of where it will lead him. In this paper, I’m going to discuss two major topics which seems relevant to me given Steven BUYERS’ experience, they are: the self-made man and the capacity to see opportunity. Self-made man The first thing I would like to precise is about the vision I have of a self-made man. Obviously when I use this term I’m not saying that Steven BUYERS is the only one responsible of the success of his company, because it would mean that nobody have accompanied him in this project and it wouldn’t be fair not to think about his employees or his wife who has apparently plays a huge role in his success. But I rather mean that he had managed to create and manage a success business starting from like nothing. The concept of the self-made man is necessarily connected with the â€Å"American dream† that I have mentioned before. The self-made man comes from unpromising circumstances, is not born into privilege and wealth, and manages to become a great success in life by his own efforts. The story of the self-made man embodies the goal of every man: â€Å"to become the captain of his own destiny. Actually this is really close to the reasons that people become entrepreneurs and starts their own firms, that is to say: â€Å"be their own boss, pursue their own ideas and pursue financial rewards. † A self-made man is anyone who attains far greater success which was not predictable. The background that Steven BUYERS told us about isn’t exactly what we can call a â€Å"predestinated background†. Indeed, he went through many different jobs and life’s experiences (from the army to a bookstore) before he found his way which tends to prove us that he is one of whose are able to create their own greatness. Finally I would say that being a self-made man, as being an entrepreneurship, is the result of a difference in your character and a willingness to do whatever it takes to be the best and achieve your dreams, just as the concessions made by Steven BUYERS at the beginning of his project. Capacity to see opportunity â€Å"An opportunity is a favorable set of circumstances that creates a need for a new product, service or business. † When we know that homes represent 20% of the energy use in USA –whereas transport â€Å"only† represents 27%, it appears logical to focus on this problem. But at the time that Steven BUYERS started his business, that is to say in 1998, nobody cared about saving energy. He came with this really simple question: â€Å"How to be more efficient with houses’ energy? †, and his project was to provide people with a solution. As far as the opportunity recognition is concerned, Steven BUYERS has done a really good job. Indeed, he identified a product/service that people need and are willing to buy. Everybody isn’t able to see opportunity, because opportunity isn’t just an idea you come with thinking it could work. And this is a crucial point which will determine if the business is going to work, or not. An opportunity has to perform four essential qualities: attractive, durable, timely and anchored to a product. That was the case for Steven’s idea. It was attractive because it allows people to save money; it was durable because it lasts a life-time; it was timely because sustainable development was beginning to develop; and finally it was anchored to a product because it deals with houses and isolation. What is even more impressive in this recognition of opportunity is that Steven BUYERS hasn’t done any real market study or business plan before launching his company. To me the way to identify an opportunity which fit the best to Steven BUYERS is the personal characteristics of entrepreneur. This capacity to see opportunity is an essential trait in my mind which is related to creativity. To conclude I would cite the philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson: â€Å"Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail. † Being an entrepreneur means being able to go where nobody else went before you, being able to take risks, being able to see opportunities where nobody has looked before you†¦ In my mind there is different ways to succeed in your job. Steven BUYERS succeed by seeing opportunities and managing his own success story as many self-made men have done before him. But no matter what is your background as far as you take your chance to develop successfully your business idea. Unfortunately, nowadays, entrepreneurs are more and more assimilated to capitalism and all the unfairness it can raise. As a result, famous self-made men such as Rockefeller are not as well-recognized as they were in the past –and sometimes even criticized. So we can wonder if the â€Å"American Dream† is still an example to follow or a goal to reach for the majority of American people.

Dr. Francis Townsend, Old Age Public Pension Organizer

Dr. Francis Everitt Townsend, born into a poor farm family, worked as a physician and health provider. During the  Great Depression, when Townsend himself was in retirement age, he became interested in how the federal government could provide old age pensions. His project inspired the 1935 Social Security Act, which he found inadequate. Life and Profession Francis Townsend was born on January 13, 1867, on a farm in Illinois. When he was an adolescent his family moved to Nebraska, where he was educated through two years of high school. In 1887, he left school and moved to California with his brother, hoping to strike it rich in the Los Angeles land boom. Instead, he lost almost everything. Dejected, he returned  to Nebraska and finished high school, then began to farm in Kansas. Later, he started medical school in Omaha, funding his education while working as a salesman. After he graduated, Townsend went to work in South Dakota in the Black Hills region, then part of the frontier. He married a widow, Minnie Brogue, who worked as  a nurse. They had three children and adopted a daughter. In 1917, when World War I began, Townsend enlisted as a medical officer in the army.  He returned to South Dakota after the war, but ill health aggravated by the harsh winter led him to move to southern California. He found himself, in his medical practice, competing with older established physicians and younger modern physicians, and he did not do well financially. The arrival of the Great Depression wiped out his remaining savings. He was able to obtain an appointment as a health officer in Long Beach, where he observed the effects of the Depression, especially on older Americans. When a change in local politics led to the loss of his job, he found himself broke once again. Townsend’s Old Age Revolving Pension Plan The Progressive Era had seen several moves to establish old-age pensions and national health insurance, but with the Depression, many reformers focused on unemployment insurance. In his late 60s, Townsend decided to do something about the financial devastation of the elderly poor. He envisioned a program where the federal government would provide a $200 per month pension to every American over the age of 60, and saw this financed through a 2% tax on all business transactions. The total cost would be greater than $20 billion a year, but he saw the pensions as a solution to the Depression. If the recipients were required to spend their $200 within thirty days, he reasoned, this would significantly stimulate the economy, and create a â€Å"velocity effect,† ending the Depression. The plan was criticized by many economists. Essentially, half the national income would be directed to the eight percent of the population over the age of 60. But it was still a very attractive plan, especially to the older people who would benefit. Townsend began to organize around his Old Age Revolving Pension Plan (Townsend Plan) in September 1933 and had created a movement within months. Local groups organized Townsend Clubs to support the idea, and by January 1934, Townsend said 3,000 groups had begun. He sold pamphlets, badges, and other items, and financed a national weekly mailing. In mid-1935, Townsend said that there were 7,000 clubs with 2.25 million members, most of them older people. A petition drive brought 20 million signatures to Congress. Buoyed by the immense support, Townsend spoke to cheering crowds as he traveled, including to two national conventions organized around the Townsend Plan. In 1935, encouraged by the massive support for the Townsend idea, Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal  passed the Social Security Act.  Many in Congress, pressured to support the Townsend Plan, preferred being able to support the Social Security Act, which for the first time provided a safety net for Americans too old to work. Townsend considered this an inadequate substitute and began angrily attacking the Roosevelt administration.  He joined with such populists as the Rev. Gerald L. K. Smith and Huey Long’s Share Our Wealth Society, and with the Rev. Charles Coughlin’s National Union for Social Justice and Union Party. Townsend invested much energy in the Union Party and organizing voters to vote for candidates who supported the Townsend Plan. He estimated that the Union Party would get 9 million votes in 1936, and when the actual votes were less than a million, and Roosevelt was reelected in a landslide, Townsend abandoned party politics. His political activity led to conflict within the ranks of his supporters, including the filing of some lawsuits. In 1937, Townsend was asked to testify before the Senate on allegations of corruption in the Townsend Plan movement. When he refused to answer questions, he was convicted of contempt of Congress.  Roosevelt, despite Townsend’s opposition to the New Deal and Roosevelt, commuted Townsend’s 30-day sentence. Townsend continued to work for his plan, making changes to try to make it less simplistic and more acceptable to economic analysts. His newspaper and national headquarters continued. He met with presidents Truman and Eisenhower. He was still making speeches supporting reform of old age security programs, with audiences mostly of the elderly, shortly before he died on September 1, 1960, in Los Angeles. In later years, during a time of  relative prosperity, the expansion of federal, state, and private pensions took much of the energy out of his movement. Sources Richard L. Neuberger and Kelley Loe, An Army of the Aged. 1936.David H. Bennett. Demagogues in the Depression: American Radicals and the Union Party, 1932-1936. 1969.Abraham Holtzman. The Townsend Movement: A Political Study. 1963.